American Journal Of Psychiatry Audio

Dr. Mark D. Shen (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) discusses the trajectory of brain development in infants at risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and fragile X syndrome.  Longitudinal imaging was captured from 6 to 24 months to see how brain development differed between groups, and the development of the amygdala in infants at risk for ASD prior to onset of social deficits and clinical diagnosis. Shen interview [01:03] Why look at patients with potential ASD diagnosis in conjunction with fragile X syndrome patients? [04:20] Why are differences in brain structure important? [05:46] What’s the advantage of earlier diagnosis of ASD? [08:16] What’s next for your research? [09:48] Kalin interview [11:47] Shen et al. [12:09] Girault et al. [15:30] Gerlach et al. [19:13] Mosholder et al. [22:12] Summary [25:31] Be sure to let your colleagues know about the podcast, and please rate and review it on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher, Spotify, or wherever you listen to it. Transcript Subscribe

Dr. Richard S.E. Keefe (Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina) discusses an article looking at an intervention for major depressive disorder that takes the form of a videogame. Afterwards, AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses the July issue’s theme. Keefe interview: [01:00] What were your results? [03:13] What do videogames offer as a depression intervention? [03:43] Differences between the intervention and the control intervention [05:05] What was the impact of the interventions? [06:51] What were the limitations of the design and what might change going forward? [08:10] Does the patient’s perception of the effectiveness of the intervention matter? [09:20] How the intervention differs from a similar intervention aimed at children [10:19] Is there an advantage to “hiding” the intervention as a videogame? [11:33] Designing a game and an intervention that work simultaneously [13:27] What next for your research? [15:05] Kalin interview [16:11] Keefe et al. [16:22] Tabuteau et al. [18:15]

AJP Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses the June issue with guest editor Dr. Crystal Barksdale (National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities). The issue focuses on mental health disparities, the pervasive negative consequences of structural racism, and the importance of community-wide and systemic interventions. Barksdale interview [00:30] How do mental health disparities differ for minoritized groups? [04:10] Structural and institutional racism as a factor in mental health disparities [05:53] Why have structural factors been largely ignored? [08:37] Alvidrez and Barksdale [11:03] Alegria et al. [13:11] Keeping review committees and reviewers up to date [15:11] Hankerson et al. [16:53] Developing research strategies based on the needs of the community [18:09] Alvarez et al. [20:22] What can the journal do to push these issues forward? [22:19]   Be sure to let your colleagues know about the podcast, and please rate and review it on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher, Spotify, or wh

Dr. Kenneth Kendler (Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics at Virginia Commonwealth University, Roanoke, VA) discusses the history and emergence of psychiatry as a discipline, and how the conception of mind, body, and soul evolved. Afterwards, Journal Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses the May issue of AJP, and the past, present, and future of psychiatry. Kendler interview [00:45] Why is it important to look at the history of psychiatry? [10:28] The emergence of mental asylums [12:58] The mixed legacy of asylums [16:24] What’s next? [18:07] Kalin interview [21:14] Brennand [23:07] Erwin and Weinberger, Cruceanu et al. [24:29] Pretzsch et al. [26:04] Roberts et al. [27:17] Meier et al. [28:52] Pedersen et al. [32:02] In conclusion [33:55] Be sure to let your colleagues know about the podcast, and please rate and review it on Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Stitcher, Spotify, or wherever you listen to it. Subscribe to the podcast here. Listen to other podcasts produced by the Ameri

Dr. Brian Kelly (Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana) discusses a study that found recent efforts to curb opioid prescriptions appear to have had an effect on reducing prescription opioid misuse and dependence, with no evidence that shifts in local-level opioid dispensing affected odds of heroin use, frequency of heroin use, or heroin dependence. Afterwards, Journal Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses what pulls the March issue of AJP together. Kelly interview [00:30] Why county level data? [01:22] What accounts for the variation between counties? [02:28] Decreased prescription rates did not lead to increased heroin usage [04:07] How do we ensure the needs of those who need pain management? [04:55] What should happen with opioid dispensing practices? [06:10] National Survey on Drug Use and Health [07:30] Next steps [08:35] Kalin interview [09:34] Vuolo and Kelly [09:58] Watts et al. [11:25] O’Keeffe et al. [14:25] Sohal [17:35] Chung et al. [18:35] Summary [23:05] Be sure to let your colleag

Dr. Giovanna Punzi and Dr. Daniel Weinberger (Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland) discuss findings from their new paper, “Genetics and Brain Transcriptomics of Completed Suicide,” which looks at differences in the brains of those who die by violent versus less violent means of suicide.  Afterwards, Journal Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin discusses what pulls the March issue of AJP together. Punzi and Weinberger interview [00:43] What made the two categories distinct? [02:28] Aggression as a factor [03:43] Differences in genetic factors [04:58] Potential heterogeneity of suicide [06:28] Counterintuitive conclusions [07:42] Clinical implications for those at risk for suicide [11:00] Next steps for research [11:43] Kalin interview [12:56] McMahon [13:58] Jacquemont et al. [14:22] Mancini et al. [15:53] Mahjani et al. [18:40] Leckman [21:22] Punzi et al. [21:48] Ecker et al. [25:38] Summary [28:45]   Be sure to let your colleagues know about the podcast, and please rate and review it on A

Dr. Margaret Sibley (University of Washington, Seattle, WA) joins the podcast this month to discuss an article from the February issue of the Journal looking at patterns of remission in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children.  Dr. Ned Kalin, Editor-in-Chief of AJP will join us afterwards to discuss the rest of the February issue of the Journal. Sibley interview [00:51] What does “full remission” from ADHD mean? [01:54] Variable patterns of remission in children with ADHD [02:33] The DSM definition of ADHD and the impact of ADHD symptoms [04:10] Advantages and disadvantages of using longitudinal data [06:50] What does the pattern of intermittent remission mean for treatment of ADHD? [09:39] What does this suggest for further research into ADHD diagnosis and treatment? [11:08] How does this affect treatment going forward? [12:48] Kalin interview [15:25] Flavin et al. [16:04] Sibley et al. [16:45] Markowitz et al. [18:20] Tadmon and Olfson [19:07] Manfredi et al. [20:30] Morgan et al. [22:39]

In this month’s AJP Audio, Dr Margert Haney (Director of the Cannabis Research Laboratory at Columbia Psychiatry) discusses her new review from the January issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry, “Cannabis Use and the Endocannabinoid System: A Clinical Perspective,” and the questions around the legal status of cannabis research.  Afterward, Dr. Ned Kalin, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal discusses the January 2022 issue of AJP. Haney interview: How does cannabis interact with our brains? [00:30] CBD and how it’s different [01:26] Impact of state legalization of cannabis on research [02:08] Federal attitudes towards cannabis legalization [03:43] A single source of cannabis for research [04:57] Limitations on research and an expanding, unexamined market [06:11] Marketing of other cannabinoids [06:38] Consequences of cannabis legalization [08:06] Cannabis use disorder [08:36] What happens with daily cannabis use – and abrupt cessation? [09:27] What happens to your endocannabinoid system with daily use? [10:3

In this month’s AJP Audio, Dr. Samuel Wilkinson (Yale University, Associate Director of the Yale Depression Research Program) discusses a study looking at the association of electro-convulsive therapy or ECT on all-cause mortality and suicide in Medicare patients with mood and bipolar disorders.  Following that, Dr. Ned Kalin, Editor-in-Chief of the Journal discusses the December issue of AJP.   Wilkinson interview: Effects of ECT on older patients with mood disorders [00:50] A brief history of ECT [01:20] A troubled history [02:00] A backlash against ECT [02:24] Improved techniques and practices [03:32] Limitations of past research into ECT [04:20] Strength of the study [05:33] How patients were matched [05:59] Limitations of the present study [07:17] Treatment of patients going forward [08:18] Difficulties in administering and accessing ECT [09:49] Next steps in research into ECT and patients with elevated suicide risk [11:14] All-cause mortality and ECT [11:57] Kalin interview: The December issue of AJP [

Dr. Jennifer Stevens (Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University) discusses a technique to classify trauma victims into discrete biotypes in the immediate aftermath of trauma, with the hope of providing insight into the groups that could guide treatment, and American Journal of Psychiatry Editor-in-Chief Dr. Ned Kalin puts the November, 2021 issue of AJP into context.   Stevens interview [00:44] Using brain imaging data to understand how people respond to trauma [01:07] Patient enrollment [01:21] AURORA Study [01:42] Can patterns of brain activity help map different responses to trauma? [02:12] Biotypes [02:48] Structure of the study [03:40] Neuroimaging and fMRI tasks [04:11] Limitations [05:44] Biotypes definitions [07:30] Highest risk group [09:10] Most resilient group [09:51] What does this mean for treating trauma patients going forward? [10:17] Next steps [11:31] Kalin interview: looking at trauma and suicide [12:37] Stevens et al. look at neuroimaging and trauma [13:16

Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Lara N. Coughlin, Ph.D., and Lewei Allison Lin, M.D., M.S., about their article on the provision of guideline-concordant depression treatment to patients with and without substance use disorders. Dr. Lara Coughlin is an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry and an adjunct assistant professor of psychology at the University of Michigan. She is also a licensed clinical psychologist. Her research aims to find new ways to use behavioral economic frameworks to improve outcomes among individuals with substance use disorders. In particular, she is interested in decision making around health behaviors, such as choosing between sooner and smaller rewards, like substance use, and delayed and larger rewards, like overall health or career development. Her current work looks at the delivery and evaluation of care for underserved and rural populations. Dr. Allison Lin is an addiction psychiatrist, an assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University

Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Karen L. Bierman, Ph.D., about her article on reducing adolescent psychopathology in socioeconomically disadvantaged children with a preschool intervention. Dr. Karen Bierman is the Evan Pugh University Professor, Professor of Psychology, Professor of Human Development and Family Studies, and Director of the Child Study Center at Penn State University. Her research looks at the design and evaluation of programs for social and emotional learning within schools and communities. She has also developed and evaluated group interventions for peer-rejected children. How the author became interested in this area of research [1:58] What we know about how exposure to chronic or unpredictable negative circumstances disturbs a developing brain [3:21] Why the intersection of growing up in adverse conditions and the beginning of formal schooling is significant in the life of a child [6:41] Objective of the study [7:54] Outline of the Head Start REDI program [9:26] Description of st

Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Ayana Jordan, M.D., Ph.D., and Christina Mangurian, M.D., M.A.S., about their article on psychiatry diversity leadership in academic medicine. Dr. Ayana Jordan is an associate program director of the adult psychiatry training program and an assistant professor of psychiatry at the Yale University School of Medicine. She is a member of the APA Board of Trustees, and she serves on the Early-Career Psychiatrist Advisory Committee for the journal Psychiatric Services. Her research is concentrated on increasing access to care for minoritized populations with substance use problems. Dr. Christina Mangurian is a professor of psychiatry, epidemiology, and biostatistics in the School of Medicine at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). She is also vice chair for diversity and health equity at the UCSF Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and a former chair of the APA Council on Minority Mental Health and Health Disparities. Her primary research program

Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Glenn Verner, M.P.H., and Sonja Entringer, Ph.D., about their article on the relationship between maternal psychological resilience during pregnancy and newborn telomere length. Ms. Glenn Verner is a doctoral candidate in medical psychology at Charité University Medicine in Berlin. She is interested in studying the biological mechanisms that underpin maternal and fetal health. Dr. Sonja Entringer is a professor of medical psychology at Charité University Medicine in Berlin. She is also an associate professor in the Health and Disease Research Program at the University of California, Irvine. Her research interests broadly include how developmental programming affects health and disease risk. In particular, she is interested in how stress during pregnancy affects offspring development. How the authors became interested in this area of research [2:10] Overview of the telomere system [4:35] Aims of the study, which examined how positive maternal psychological conditions d

Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Luke J. Norman, Ph.D., and Kate D. Fitzgerald, M.D., about their article examining whether brain activity is associated with treatment response to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in adolescents and adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and whether any associations are treatment specific relative to an active control psychotherapy (stress management therapy; SMT). Dr. Luke Norman was recently a neuroscience postdoctoral fellow at the University of Michigan. He is now affiliated with the National Institutes of Health. His research has looked at treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Dr. Kate Fitzgerald is the Phil F. Jenkins Research Professor of Depression and associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Michigan. She is the academic director for child and adolescent psychiatry and co-director of the Pediatric Anxiety Disorders Clinic. She is also an adjunct associate professor

Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with American Journal of Psychiatry Editor-in-Chief Ned H. Kalin, M.D., and Deputy Editor Carolyn Rodriguez, M.D., Ph.D., about the Journal’s response to COVID-19; strategies to combat racism, social injustice, and health care inequities; research highlights from the past year; and what lies ahead in 2021. Dr. Kalin is the Hedberg Professor and Chair of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, where he also serves as the Director of the Health Emotions Research Institute, and Director of the Lane Neuroimaging Laboratory. He is a member of the National Academy of Medicine, is a Distinguished Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association, and serves on the APA Council on Research. His work has aimed to understand the brain mechanisms underlying mental disorders. Dr. Rodriguez is an Associate Professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University, where she is Director of the Translatio

Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Sara K. Blaine, Ph.D., and Rajita Sinha, Ph.D., about their article on the use of brain imaging in the evaluation of drinking outcomes during early outpatient treatment for alcohol use disorder. Dr. Sara Blaine is an assistant professor in the Department of Psychological Sciences at Auburn University. She recently completed postdoctoral work at Yale University. Her work has looked at how genes and aspects of the brain affect the development of alcoholism under conditions of stress. Dr. Rajita Sinha is the Foundations Fund Professor of Psychiatry at the Yale University School of Medicine, where she also is a professor of neurobiology. She is chief of the psychology section in psychiatry and co-director of education at the Yale Center for Clinical Investigation. In addition, she is a professor in the Child Study Center and founding director of the Yale Stress Center. Her research has looked at the mechanisms of chronic stress, adversity, and coping. She is also intereste

Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Constance Guille, M.D., and Richard F. Summers, M.D., about their article on the prevalence of burnout and depressive symptoms among North American psychiatrists, demographic and practice characteristics associated with risk for these symptoms, and the correlation between burnout and depression. A related commentary on burnout by Dr. Summers also is discussed. Dr. Guille is a professor in the Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the Medical University of South Carolina. She is a member of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) Board of Trustees Workgroup on Psychiatrist Well-Being and Burnout, and she is co-investigator on the Intern Health Study, a large prospective study examining stress and depression among medical trainees. She directs the Women’s Reproductive Behavioral Health Division at the Medical University of South Carolina and has published widely on topics including women’s health, stress, and depression.

Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Emily Robertson, M.A., and Paul Frick, Ph.D., about their article on the role that callous-unemotional traits have in the risk for gun carrying and gun use during a crime. Ms. Emily Robertson is a clinical psychology doctoral student in the Developmental Psychopathology Lab at Louisiana State University. This fall, she begins a predoctoral internship at the Mailman Center for Child Development in the Miller School of Medicine at the University of Miami. Dr. Paul Frick leads the Developmental Psychopathology Lab at LSU, where he is the Roy Crumpler Memorial Chair in the Department of Psychology. He holds a joint appointment in the Institute for Learning Sciences and Teacher Education at Australian Catholic University in Brisbane. Why gun violence in the United States has become a significant concern among young people [2:46] What are callous-unemotional traits, and how common are these traits in the general population? [4:10] Why the authors decided to examine the rela

Executive Editor Michael Roy speaks with Jennifer Dwyer, M.D., Ph.D., and Awais Aftab, M.D., about the physiology of three major endocrine systems and about the evidence for hormone-based interventions in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Dr. Dwyer is an assistant professor at Yale University, where she is affiliated with the Child Study Center and the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging. Dr. Aftab is a clinical assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry at Case Western Reserve University. He is also an attending psychiatrist at Northcoast Behavioral HealthCare Hospital. Why are effective treatments for major depressive disorder lacking? [2:22] Why have hormones been implicated in the pathophysiology of major depression? [4:28] Three particular parts of the hormonal system that have been linked to alterations in mood [7:05] The role of the HPA axis in major depression [8:44] The role of the HPT axis in major depression [11:39] The role of the HPG axis in major depression, and di