Epicenter - Learn About Blockchain, Ethereum, Bitcoin And Distributed Technologies

‘Attention Is All You Need’, co-wrote by Illia Polosukhin in 2017, laid the foundation for arguably one of the most consequential tech breakthroughs in our recent history. 1 year later, Illia founded Near AI, which later became Near Protocol. They were visionaries ahead of their time and, although AI took several more years before becoming a viable product, the experience of scaling databases would later prove valuable and applicable in blockchain world. As a result, Near Protocol aims to become the infrastructure layer for AI apps and the agentic economy. In order to achieve this, scaling was paramount, thus Near is one of the first blockchains to implement execution layer sharding, asynchronous execution and stateless validation, which brought the finality time down to 1.2 seconds, with a block time of 0.6 seconds.Topics covered in this episode:Bowen’s backgroundNear’s pivot from AI to blockchainsThe role of Near OneNear’s tech stack upgradesOptimizing network architectureStateless validation & block pr

The tradition of Epicenter x Vitalik Buterin continued this year as well at EthCC[8], where we got the chance of picking his brain about recent research, interests and Ethereum Foundation’s direction going forward. Join us for a fascinating discussion on biotech and how Vitalik’s Shiba ended up funding it, the utility of blockchains in nowadays society and Vitalik’s view on the Ethereum ecosystem and the Foundation’s response to community requests.Topics covered in this episode:Vitalik’s current interestsHow Shiba Inu funded biotech researchThe Merge and its impactVitalik’s motivation and view on blockchain utilityEthereum Foundation’s changesIs supporting ETH price important for EF?Are L2s incentively aligned with Ethereum L1?Native L2sThe risk of quantum computersEpisode links:Vitalik Buterin on XEthereum on XEthereum Foundation on XEthCC on XSponsors:Gnosis: Gnosis builds decentralized infrastructure for the Ethereum ecosystem, since 2015. This year marks the launch of Gnosis Pay— the world's first Decentr

Stripe has established itself as a leading payment solution for both enterprises as well as startups and individual sellers. By abstracting away all the complexities of traditional payment rails through simple plug-and-play APIs, Stripe created a facile route for cross-border payments, simplifying e-commerce. Similarly, Stripe’s recent integration of stablecoins could further bolster the adoption of decentralised payment solutions, be them USD or other currency proxies. This allows businesses to reach more markets, at a lower cost, with near-instantaneous settlement.Topics covered in this episode:John’s backgroundStripe’s missionHow Stripe solves the complexity of internet paymentsIntegrating crypto for paymentsSupported blockchainsStripe’s Web3 servicesUpsides of accepting stablecoin paymentsNon-USD stablecoinsMerchant UXExpanding crypto support outside the U.S.On- and off-rampingAcquiring Bridge and PrivyThe best of both worlds: CeFi & DeFiEpisode links:John Egan on XStripe on XSponsors:Gnosis: Gnosis b

While L2 rollups did help scale Ethereum, they also created siloed ecosystems, all fighting over the same liquidity, users and devs. t1 Protocol is building layer-2 infrastructure to achieve seamless cross-rollup interoperability through real-time proving, powered by TEEs. t1's low-latency with 1-second block times provides faster preconfirmations, significantly improving UX, all while maintaining full Ethereum composability.Topics covered in this episode:Can’s backgroundWhy Enigma/Secret Network built on CosmosSolving Ethereum’s liquidity fragmentationt1’s rollup & real-time proving in TEEsSequencer setup inside the TEEDealing with other rollup trust assumptionsIntegrating new L2sPermissionless TEEsPotential attack vectorsTEE alternativesAsset issuance on mainnet vs. L2st1 developmentPartnerships & BDSolana vs. Ethereum UXTEE misconceptionsEpisode links:Can Kisagun on Xt1 Protocol on XSponsors:Gnosis: Gnosis builds decentralized infrastructure for the Ethereum ecosystem, since 2015. This year marks t

As the summer tour of European crypto conferences landed in Berlin, one of crypto’s cradles, we couldn’t miss DappCon 25, where we got to sit with Jerome de Tychey, Nixorokish & Joshua Dávila to discuss Ethereum’s restructure and whether its culture is still relevant to the wider crypto community. Join us for a fascinating discussion on the impact of crypto politicization and how Ethereum’s ecosystem evolved amidst a society with ever-changing values.Topics covered in this episode:Jerome, Nixorokish & Josh backgroundsEthereum Foundation restructuringEthereum’s culture & crypto politicizationDAOs & the evolution of Ethereum’s ecosystemIs privacy still a societal value?User experience & account abstractionFuture hopes for EthereumEpisode links:Jerome de Tychey on XNixorokish on XJoshua Davila on XDappCon on XSponsors:Gnosis: Gnosis builds decentralized infrastructure for the Ethereum ecosystem, since 2015. This year marks the launch of Gnosis Pay— the world's first Decentralized Payment Netw

Bitcoin remains an untapped source of net-new liquidity that could be injected into DeFi. This would completely reshape Bitcoin’s utilization from a mere store of value to a liquid asset that can be ported cross-chain and traded like a liquid staking derivative. Lombard’s LBTC builds upon Babylon’s Bitcoin staking primitive and aims to unlock new yield sources for the industry’s leading asset by increasing its DeFi utilization.Topics covered in this episode:Jacob’s backgroundLessons gathered from PolychainFocusing on BitcoinWhy Bitcoin staking is crucial for BTC DeFiBuilding on top of BabylonLBTC mintingSources of BTC yieldPoS inflation and native token incentivesBTC as a trading pair in DeFiLombard chainFuture challenges to overcomeBitcoin L2sLombard milestonesEpisode links:Jacob Phillips on XLombard on XBabylon on XSponsors:Gnosis: Gnosis builds decentralized infrastructure for the Ethereum ecosystem, since 2015. This year marks the launch of Gnosis Pay— the world's first Decentralized Payment Network. Get

Apart from incentivising market participants to secure the network through inflationary rewards, many consider staking as an equivalent of stock dividend yield. As a result, although Bitcoin is regarded as digital gold, protocols are looking for ways to increase its utilisation in DeFi and, ultimately, generate yield. Nowadays, while newer networks are struggling to attract investors and sustain a healthy, decentralised validator set, more established blockchains capture the lion’s share of PoS actors. However, in a constant race for profit basis points, centralised consolidation of stakers seems inevitable. Join us for a fascinating discussion on the staking landscape and the challenges it may present to decentralisation.Topics covered in this episode:Increasing BTC utilization through BTC yieldLooping yield productsThe maturation of the staking marketChorus One staking portfolioHow to prevent staking consolidationRetail vs. institutional-grade operatorsSymbiotic, Eigenlayer & restaking yieldEpisode link

After a decade of existence, Ethereum has gone a long way from its initial whitepaper, yet many efforts in scaling and finding product-market-fit have been severely criticized for falling short of their promise. However, despite numerous other ‘Ethereum killers’ being launched over the years, none has managed to attract so many developers and liquidity while sticking true to ethos that (once) powered and united this industry. This year’s ETHPrague plans to confront exactly these existential challenges and steward community culture towards addressing outside criticism and external reality checks. Ethereum’s development, while adapting to market pressures, it always aimed to stick true to its core values in order to remain a technological bedrock for the future of humanity.Topics covered in this episode:The vision for ETH PragueTakeaways from main sessionsHigh-level overview of ETH PragueThe resurgence of PolkadotEuropean crypto summer eventsThe general state of the Ethereum ecosystemCelo’s transition to L2L2 l

We couldn’t miss the Avalanche Summit where we sat down with Emin Gün Sirer, co-founder & CEO of Ava Labs, to discuss the evolution of Avalanche’s ecosystem and how HyperSDK ushers in a scalable, interoperable, multi-chain future. Join us for a fascinating discussion on Avalanche’s approach to decentralisation, scalability & interoperability, and learn why real-world applicability relies heavily on bespoke blockchain solutions.Topics covered in this episode:Gün x Epicenter bromanceHow the Avalanche ecosystem & community evolvedThe future vision for AvalancheScaling Avalanche and the HyperSDKInteroperability and the multi-chain futureDecentralising Avalanche L1sUse cases and institutional adoptionOn-chain privacyAvaCloudThe impact of AI in cryptoGün’s focus in the near futureEpisode links:Emin Gun Sirer on XAvalanche on XAva Labs on XSponsors:Gnosis: Gnosis builds decentralized infrastructure for the Ethereum ecosystem, since 2015. This year marks the launch of Gnosis Pay— the world's first Decentr

Blockchain architecture is constantly being forced to adapt to new technologies, as well as to meet new demands from users and builders. While the idea of apps building their own chains was first explored by Cosmos, it lacked the support and tooling to see it succeed. Later on, rollups also took the centerstage of Ethereum’s scaling roadmap, but due to their general purpose design, it led to a cannibalistic ecosystem. Initia learned from these 2 models and combined the best of both worlds: it built a full-stack framework for a seamless DevEx from the get-go and, more importantly, it designed its tokenomics in order to ensure maximum incentive alignment for its appchains. While the former decision removed the need for each separate chain to reinvent the wheel and risk ending up ‘a jack of all trades, master of none’, the latter ensured that appchains would not extract value away from the L1.Topics covered in this episode:Ezaan’s backgroundFrom building on Terra to InitiaHow Initia is rewriting the appchain the

As society evolves, so do its values and principles, but is that desirable for technology that seeks to build the most reliable, trustless and censorship resistant global settlement layer? Ever since the rise in popularity of Solana with its inflow of retail capital in a memecoin gold rush, Ethereum became even more criticized for sticking true to its core values despite the completely divergent demands of market participants. Moreover, the rollup centric scaling roadmap seemed to further silo attention and cause liquidity fragmentation, driving away value from Ethereum mainnet. As institutional demand is expected to grow with the introduction of staking ETFs, a new executive leadership took charge of Ethereum foundation to help steer the protocol’s narrative at the intersection between community demands and Ethereum’s ethos.Topics covered in this episode:Hsiao-Wei’s & Tomasz’ backgroundsHow they became co-executive directors of Ethereum FoundationEthereum Foundation’s role moving forwardDecision making i

Taiko is a decentralized, Ethereum-equivalent (type I) rollup scaling solution which uses ZK technology. Taiko's goal is to scale Ethereum efficiently while maintaining security and decentralization. Being a type I zkEVM, Taiko retains full Ethereum equivalence, which creates a seamless DevEx, although this comes at the expense of UX as slower proof generation is the main trade-off. Moreover, in order to stay true to its decentralised ethos, Taiko operates as a based rollup, meaning that transaction sequencing is performed by L1 validators.Topics covered in this episode:Joaquin’s backgroundLoopring and Taiko’s beginningsThe 4 types of zkEVMsTaiko's zk circuits vs. Polygon’sBased sequencingData availability and blob commitmentEthereum’s role in the futureThe L2 landscape and its compromisesSequencer security modelDealing with MEVBased preconfirmations & Taiko ecosystem UXEpisode links:Joaquin Mendes on XTaiko on XLoopring on XSponsors:Gnosis: Gnosis builds decentralized infrastructure for the Ethereum ecos

Founded by former Meta Diem team members, Sui is a high-performance, layer-1 blockchain designed for horizontal scaling and low-latency transactions. It uses an object-centric data model and the Move programming language to enable transaction parallelization which can handle >200,000 txs/s. Sui’s goal is to combine the benefits of blockchains with Web2’s security & frictionless UX. From account abstraction & ZKLogin, to on-chain storage & data availability solutions like Walrus, Sui rebuilds the Google/AWS stack, fully on-chain and composable.Topics covered in this episode:Adeniyi’s background, from Libra to SuiSui’s long-term visionThe tech stack of Sui & its primitivesZKLogin & account abstractionObject-based approachTransaction processing & parallelizationDevEx on Move vs. EVM vs. SVMConsensus & scalabilityMEVGaming & SuiPlayDeFi on SuiWalrus data storageNautilusFuture roadmapEpisode links:Adeniyi Abiodun on XMysten Labs on XSui on XWalrus on XSponsors:Gnosis: Gnosis buil

With an extensive experience in traditional money markets, Maple Finance was envisioned as an institutional capital marketplace which combines the transparency & capital efficiency of blockchains with the regulatory framework of TradFi. Unlike many DeFi protocols that require over-collateralized loans (e.g. Aave), Maple also specializes in under-collateralized lending, enabling greater capital efficiency for institutional borrowers. With over $6b in loans since its inception, Maple plans to further expand its offerings by including RWAs as collateral assets.Topics covered in this episode:Sid’s backgroundThe vision behind Maple FinanceMaple’s tech stackDeciding risk profilesOver-collateralized vs. under-collateralized loansAssets accepted as collateralDeploying to other blockchainsInstitutional appealManaging defaultsRWAConverging DeFi & TradFiBiggest challengesExciting upcoming trendsFuture roadmapCrypto correlation or decoupling?Episode links:Sid Powell on XMaple Finance on XSponsors:Gnosis: Gnosis b

Tally is a software platform designed to support tokenized organizations, particularly Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) and crypto communities. It provides tools for launching tokens, governing protocols, and enabling staking to foster community participation and growth. Tally facilitates onchain governance, allowing transparent and decentralized decision-making for managing funds, grants, and protocol upgrades. It powers major blockchain ecosystems like Arbitrum, ZKsync, Uniswap DAO and Wormhole DAO by providing interfaces for proposal creation, voting, and staking. The Tally Protocol further enhances this by offering a liquidity layer for governance tokens, that allow token holders to earn staking rewards while retaining voting rights and participating in DeFi.Topics covered in this episode:Dennison’s backgroundHas crypto won?Does privacy still matter?The vision behind TallyThe evolution of DAOsAre grassroots DAOs viable?Corporate vs. DAO PMFHow developer activity & contributors evolvedTall

Namechain is an L2 developed by ENS Labs, to enhance the scalability and efficiency of managing decentralized identities on Ethereum. It is designed to work in tandem with ENS V2, which introduced a hierarchical registry system for more efficient subdomain management and custom resolvers. A key vision for Namechain is to unify multi-chain user identities, creating a "digital identity chain" that simplifies how users interact with the broader blockchain ecosystem. This is achieved through features like L2-to-L2 bridging, which allows users to initiate ENS-related activities from various Ethereum Layer 2 networks, not just Namechain itself.Topics covered in this episode:High level overview of ENSCrosschain functionality through CCIP ReadDomain squattingOnboarding ENS users via Paypal and VenmoGoogle & GoDaddy integrationsENS V2 upgrade & NamechainTransferring tokens from Namechain to L1Sequencer security assumptionsScalabilityNew features & use casesENS roadmap & metricsEthereum ecosystem status

Ethereum’s transition from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake created a unique set of conditions (i.e. lack of protocol-level delegation, 32 ETH requirement, long exit queues, etc.) that led to Lido’s liquid staking model to gain huge traction, significantly eclipsing other LSD providers on native PoS chains. stETH added on-demand liquidity, bypassing withdrawal windows, while also increasing DeFi utilization and increasing yields. Moreover, by allowing users to stake any amount of ETH in pools, it removed the requirement for 32 ETH increments, ultimately improving decentralisation through long tail distribution of individual stakers. Lido V3 introduces modular stVaults which enable staking customization. This allows professional actors, such as institutional stakers, to have granular control over validators, MEV and other parameters, diversifying their investment strategies.Topics covered in this episode:Hasu’s backgroundDiscovering LidoLiquid staking and the early days of LidoWhy liquid staking gained traction

While DeFi’s ultimate goal is to provide an alternative for TradFi, blockchain gaming caters to retail masses, onboarding millions of users to crypto through incentives and fun gameplay. The greatest success story in Web3 gaming thus far has been, without a doubt, Axie Infinity. Apart from creating an engaged community whose early adopters also experienced rags-to-riches stories, it kickstarted an entire movement around play-to-earn gaming. Many have tried copying it, yet most of them failed. Axie Infinity managed to design a sustainable economy that combined NFTs and fungible tokens. The result was the first gamified crypto mining event, at scale. In order to accommodate such a massive demand, in a time when L2 rollups were still in R&D, Sky Mavis founded Ronin, a gaming-oriented Ethereum sidechain. The community that formed around Axie Infinity created a tremendous network effect, solidifying Ronin’s PMF as a gaming powerhouse. Before long, many up-and-coming titles migrated to Ronin, and the growth eff

Solana needs no introduction. Ever since its inception, it pushed throughput scaling on a single chain, without the need of sharding or rollups. Despite its ups and downs that culminated at the bottom of the bear market after the FTX crash, it managed to not only survive, but build a vibrant community around crypto's (arguably) most prominent PMF (thus far).Join us for a fascinating discussion and learn about Anatoly's take on controversial topics such as MEV, concurrent block leaders (the equivalent of Ethereum's PBS proposal), L2 rollups, Solana economics, how to tackle potential exploits and more.Topics covered in this episode:How the original Solana vision turned outWhat makes blockchains valuableMEV & program writable accountsConcurrent block proposersCurrent bottlenecks for scaling SolanaMainnet vs. L2 rollupsFiredancer upgradeHalting the network vs. rollbacksSolana’s scaling roadmapDoubleZeroWorst hacks on SolanaUI exploits, Bybit hack and smart contract securitySolana economics and the SIMD-0228 p

Bitcoin’s security and reliability as a store of value are undeniable. However, its liquidity remained untapped for too long due to a lack of trustless bridges and native smart contract capabilities. As BTC is only native to Bitcoin’s L1, any attempt to include it in DeFi relies on the trust assumptions of third party custodians that wrap it. Build On Bitcoin (BOB) aims to expand Bitcoin’s functionality by integrating it with Ethereum’s smart contract capabilities. BOB operates as an OP Stack L2 with a hybrid design incorporating ZKPs, Bitcoin staking, and Ethereum for data availability. By functioning as a rollup, BOB processes transactions off-chain and batches them for settlement on Bitcoin and Ethereum, significantly improving transaction speed and reducing costs compared to Bitcoin’s base layer.Topics covered in this episode:Alexei’s backgroundSetbacks for Bitcoin DeFiBitcoin bridgesBitVMBOB operators and trust assumptionsBOB architecture & Bitcoin stakingBitcoin LSTsThe future of Bitcoin DeFiEpisode